![]() Their function is to prepare the body for extreme physical exertion. ![]() This is short-term stress, also called the fight-or-flight response, and is mediated by the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla. Stage one of GAS is called the alarm reaction. The body responds in different ways to short-term stress and long-term stress following a pattern known as the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). One of the major functions of the adrenal gland is to respond to stress. Figure 9.5 The Adrenal Gland and Associated Hormones See Figure 9.5 for an illustration of the adrenal gland and associated hormones. It is an extension of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates homeostasis in the body. The adrenal medulla is neuroendocrine tissue composed of postganglionic sympathetic nervous system (SNS) neurons that secretes the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. The hypothalamus stimulates the release of ACTH from the pituitary, which then stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones that are important for the regulation of the stress response, blood pressure and blood volume, nutrient uptake and storage, fluid and electrolyte balance, and inflammation. The adrenal cortex is a component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. ![]() Each region secretes its own set of hormones. The adrenal gland consists of the adrenal cortex that is composed of glandular tissue and the adrenal medulla that is composed of nervous tissue. ![]()
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